北武夷地区前寒武系变质岩地球化学特征

通过对北武夷地区前寒武系变质岩的岩石化学、稀土元素及微量元素等综合研究 ,从中元古代铁沙街岩组、周潭岩组到晚震旦世至早寒武世万源组、洪山组、外管坑组 ,SiO2 、K2 O、K2 O/Na2 O等具有逐渐增大的趋势 ,而TiO2 、Al2 O3 、FeO、MgO、Na2 O及SiO2 /Al2 O3 则逐渐减小 ;ΣLREE/ΣHREE增加 ,而ΣREE总体具减小趋势 ;Sc、Ba、Rb、Cu、Cr等微量元素含量增大 ,而Ni、Th、U、Ta、Nb、Ga、Zr、Hf、V、Zn、Co等则减少。本文利用地球化学参数判别本区前寒武系岩石形成构造环境为被动大陆边缘。     

污染源现场监测真实性和法律有效性控制的几点做法

污染源现场监测中的客观真实性和法律有效性是环境监测质量保证的重要内容,但在监测实践中还没有对此引起足够的重视,缺少有效的控制措施。文章在多年监测实践的基础上,总结归纳出一些控制措施和方法,实践证明,简单易行、科学有效。     

TRINITY RIVER BASIN,TEXAS1

ABSTRACT: In 1991 the Trinity River Basin National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) was among the first 20 study units to begin investigations under full-scale program implementation. The study-unit investigations will include assessments of surface-water and ground-water quality. Initial efforts have focused on identifying water-quality issues in the basin and on the environmental factors underlying those issues. The environmental setting consists of both physical and cultural factors. Physical characteristics described include climate, geology soils, vegetation, physiography, and hydrology. Cultural characteristics discussed include population distribution, land use and land cover, agricultural practices, water use, and reservoir operations. Major water-quality categories are identified and some of the implications of the environmental factors for water quality are presented.     

黄磷厂废渣作水泥混合材的研究

本文较系统地研究了影响黄磷渣作水泥混合材的因素；推荐了提高黄磷渣作水泥混合材的掺量必须控制的条件；按推荐的控制条件，黄磷渣作水泥混合材的掺量可高达４０％以上。     

Regional IUCN Red Listing: the Process as Applied to Birds in the United Kingdom

Abstract:  The World Conservation Union (IUCN) has developed guidelines that enable the assessment of extinction risk at a regional scale. We used these guidelines to assess the extinction risk of birds in the United Kingdom for comparison with an existing assessment of conservation status. Sixty-four species were categorized as regionally threatened, of which 12 were critically endangered. The categorizations of the 223 species assessed agreed broadly with those from the existing U.K. system, which considers more than extinction risk, thus giving a more complete assessment of conservation status. There was, however, a tendency for the IUCN process to give higher risk status to edge-of-range species (some of which are relatively recent colonists considered of comparatively low conservation concern) and low status to those that have declined substantially but remain common (such as many farmland birds, the focus of considerable conservation effort in the United Kingdom). The final red list depended heavily on the subjective decisions made during the assessment process. An alternative interpretation of the guidelines could have resulted in as many as 19 or as few as 6 species being listed as critically endangered. We recommend the revision of the IUCN guidelines to reduce this subjectivity, in particular with respect to the effect of extralimital populations on the likelihood of regional extinction, and hence the potential for variation in the manner of application between regional red-list assessors. Preventing extinction does not have to be the principal driving force behind conservation action at a regional scale if the continuance of a species is safeguarded in other regions.     

环境监测点的模糊优化设置及其问题探讨

应用模糊聚类方法，结合贵阳市的实例，对环境监测点的模糊优化设置进行了研究。提出根据实测数据分布形态选用标定方法的建议和具体作法，可使环境监测点的模糊优化设置更趋合理，从而可为有关部门在进行监测点的科学合理设置时提供参考。     

湖南古村落的物质安全防御研究

基于湖南现存的一些古村落,从物质安全防御角度出发,对古村落在基地选址、整体布局、空间形态等方面所采用的安全防御进行研究。通过分析湖南当地居民的主要物质防御手段即利用山水作为村落的自然屏障、团结所有村民进行集群防御与在村落内部层层设防等方法,指出湖南古村落物质防御的有效性和科学性对当今社会安居工程建设具有借鉴意义。     

黄山风景区第四纪冰川遗迹的景观特征与保护措施

黄山是我国著名的风景名胜区及世界重要的人类自然和文化遗产，具有观赏游览、科学研究及文化艺术活动等功能。为了实现旅游经济与生态环境的协调和可持续发展，提出了在黄山风景区内划分特殊自然及人文景观保护小区的观点，并划出第四纪冰川遗迹、花岗岩石林地貌、泥炭藓沼泽、松林及温泉等景观生态保护小区。主要探讨黄山风景区第四纪冰川遗迹景观生态保护小区的分布、特征及保护措施。     

污染场地环境调查的土壤监测点位布设方法初探

结合我国污染场地环境调查中土壤监测面临的现状,通过分析国外土壤监测采样的点位布设方法及国内相关技术标准的相应要求,对我国污染场地环境调查土壤监测的点位布设方法进行了探讨。提出土壤样品采集的平面点位、纵向分层布设应考虑的影响因素、基本原则和布点要求,分别对具体的平面、纵向采样点位布设方法进行了分析阐述,为开展污染场地环境调查的土壤监测采样提供借鉴。     

内蒙古乌兰浩特索伦镇地区中生代侵入岩特征研究

内蒙古乌兰浩特索伦镇地区位于大兴安岭中南段。该区中生代侵入岩广泛发育。开展侵入岩的年代学、地球化学特征研究能为深入探讨区域构造背景提供依据。3个样品K-Ar全岩法测年结果(93.39Ma～108.48Ma)证明侵入岩形成于早白垩世,略晚于其南侧同一构造带上的杜尔基地区侵入岩年龄(100.15Ma～120.29Ma),符合太行山——大兴安岭早白垩世侵入岩时代自南向北由老变新的演化趋势。岩石地球化学分析结果显示岩石属于碱性系列,具有高硅、高钾、富碱、过铝、贫钙、镁、铁等特征。稀土元素总量为(77.96～241.29)μg/g,平均值为158.92μg/g,与杜尔基地区早白垩世侵入岩的稀土总量平均值(146.85μg/g)及华北克拉通内碱性系列岩石的稀土总量平均值(163.32μg/g)都非常接近。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线整体右倾,因Eu负异常而呈"V"型形态,与太行山-大兴安岭地区早白垩世典型岩体的稀土配分型式极为相似。侵入岩的成因类型为A-型,形成于伸展构造环境。